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Contents
PART I PROCESS AND TOOLS 1
CHAPTER 1 SHAPING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 3
Toward Sustainable Built Environments 5
The Power of Place, the Role of Design 12
Knowledge, Skills, and Values 20
CHAPTER 2 VISUALIZATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATION 23
Principles of Effective Graphic Communication 32
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 37
PART II SITE SELECTION AND PROGRAMMING 41
CHAPTER 3 SITE SELECTION 43
The Site Selection Process 47
PART III SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS 99
Chapter 5 SITE INVENTORY: PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES 101
Parcel Size and Shape 103
Chapter 6 SITE INVENTORY: BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES 127
Ecological Communities 127
Chapter 7 SITE INVENTORY: CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES 139
Public Infrastructure 148
Building and Neighborhood Character 149
Chapter 8 SITE ANALYSIS: INTEGRATION AND SYNTHESIS 169
Site Carrying Capacity 171
Integration and Synthesis 184
PART IV DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 207
Chapter 9 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 209
Context-Sensitive Design 210
Creativity and Conceptual Design 213
The Conceptual Design Process 215
Anatomy of a Concept Plan 217
Concept Plan Graphics 224
Concept Evaluation and Refinement 229
Chapter 10 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 251
Sustainability and Livability 251
Chapter 11 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 295
Construction Documentation 305
Contract Administration 307
Permitting and Approvals 308
Preface
CONTEXT
A context-sensitive approach to sustainable planning and development helps to protect
public health, safety, and welfare. By avoiding inherent site problems, or constraints, and by
capitalizing on inherent site assets, or opportunities, site planners can limit long-term
maintenance costs and, more important, reduce the risks to life and property from natural
hazards. The careful analysis of sites—and the site’s context—can lead to better development
proposals and, ultimately, to higher-quality built environments.
Qualified site planners and designers are vital to this process. Proposals for carefully sited
projects may receive faster approvals and permitting, improved marketability, and rent and
sales premiums (Bookout, 1994). The emphasis of the second edition, like the first, is on the
site planning process and the organization, analysis, and communication of information
throughout this process. This second edition keeps the same structure and format as the first
but delves into greater depth within each phase of the site planning process.
WHAT’S NEW
New content has been added to every chapter of this second edition. Substantial revisions
were made to Chapter 1 (Shaping the Built Environment), Chapter 2 (Visualization of
Spatial Information), Chapter 3 (Site Selection), Chapter 6 (Site Inventory: Biological
Attributes), Chapter 7 (Site Inventory: Cultural Attributes), Chapter 8 (Site Analysis:
Integration and Synthesis), Chapter 9 (Conceptual Design), Chapter 10 (Design Development),
and Chapter 11 (Project Implementation). Chapter 10 from the first edition was
divided and expanded to create Chapters 10 and 11 in the second edition. This revised
edition explores in more detail the linkages between site conditions and ecologically
sustainable development—and redevelopment—of the built environment. More attention
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is also given to finer-scale site and building design issues and to the development regulations
and design review processes that influence the shaping of the built environment.
ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK
This book is divided into four parts. Part I, Process and Tools, contains Chapter 1 (Shaping
the Built Environment) and Chapter 2 (Visualization of Spatial Information). The first
chapter summarizes the site planning and design process and places site planning and design
in the broader context of sustainable planning and development. The second chapter
addresses the basic principles of mapping and graphic communication in site planning and
design.
Part II, Site Selection and Programming, also has two chapters. Chapter 3 (Site
Selection) examines the goals and methods of site suitability analysis leading to the compa
